Faced textile material



I Jan 15, 1957 K. J. HAFeWooD ET AL 2,777,779

FACED TEXTILE MATERIAL Filed Jan. 2l, 1949 75 Vaca um.

United States Patent there Patented Jan. i5, w57

2,777,779 FACED TEXTILE MATERAL Kenneth J. Harwood, Neenah, and HarveyJ. Le Dain, Appleton, Wis., assignors, by mesne assignments, toKimberly-Clark Corporation, a corporation of Delaware ApplicationJanuary 21, 1949, Serial No. 71,904 12 Claims. (Cl. 117-25) Thisinvention relates to an improvement in textile fabrics, and especiallyto fabrics embodying a web of Woven material having a substantial amountof tensile strength and a facing of non-woven fibers on at least oneface of the woven fabric to modify the normal surface characteristics ofthe woven material.

Fabrics of this character range of uses,

materials; to provide faced fabric of the character indicated which Willafford the tensile strength of Woven textile material such componentparts.

Other objects of the invention whereby material of the characterindicated may be promachinery; ducing such the material being produced.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be understood byreference to and accompanying drawing in which there is schematicallyillustrated the structure of the improved faced material and the methodof producing it.

ln the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a more or less schematic illustration on an enlarged scale ofthe construction of the improved faced abn'c;

Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus forproducing the improved fabric;

Fig. 3 is a more or less schematic illustration on an enlarged scale ofa part of the method and apparatus shown in Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a more or less schematic illustration on an enlarged scale ofa detail of construction of the woven component of the improved fabric.

The fabric Structure shown in Fig. 1 consists of la web threads arerepresented at 3.

Thermoplastic adhesive material is applied to the woven web in smalldiscrete areas ia at alternate intersections of the Woven threads, andalso the product is destined.

The web structure shown in Fig. l may be produced by suitably beyond thedoctor blade. By this arrangement, the adhesive 9 is applied to theupper surface ofthe gauze web. For many purposes, the adhesive ispreferably of a thermoplastic character aithough this is not essential.

The adhesive, Whatever its character, may be permitted to dry or set orsetting or drying thereof may be accelerated by any suitable means. Thismeans, one form appear. There is some advantage in depositing the fiberson adhesive which is at least slightly tacky, the ber being thereby moreor iess immediately gripped upon contact with the adhesive and heldagainst shifting or rebounding from the carrier web.

The adhesive may be applied to the gauze 1 and dried or partially driedas may be preferred while the gauze is traveling at a fairly high rateof speed, for example, 200 feet per minute or more and the adhesivelytreated gauze components of the web. For example, the adhesive ispreferably of fairly heavy viscosity, for example from 3500 centipoisesto 9500 Centipoises or more, so that it tends to re-` main on thesurface of the threads of the gauze. Such adhesive may be applied bypropelling the gauze at a speed of around 29d feet per minute while thesurface speed of the applicator roll is around 185 feet per minute inthe same direction as the gauze. When the gauze web and roll are drivenin this relationship, i. e., with a Speed differential of about 7%, theeffect is to cause the gauze to wipe across the surface of the roll tothereby scrape some of the fairly viscous adhesive from the roll. Asindicated in Fig. 3, the gauze bearsV on the adhesive carrying rollsurface particularly at the thread crossings.V Portions of the fillerthreads 3 `which overlie the longitudinal threads more or less projectfrom plane of the gauze and these projecting or high portions of thecross threads 3 tend to scrape some of the adhesive from the surface ofthe roll. This is represented in Fig. 3 where the crosswise threadindicated at. 3a is illustrated as having a small amount of adhesivepiled up in `front of the thread, the roll surface being substantiallyscraped clean of adhesive for a short portion of its circumference asindicated Vat Sa- As the thread 3a reaches the successive positions 3bto 3f inclusive, the adhesive accumulation will gradually increase untilthere is aquantity sufcient to constitute one of the areas da,

the cleaned roll surface 8a being correspondingly en-k larged asindicated at Sb. Hence, by the time the woven web leaves the roll 8 itwill have accumulated small blobs 4a Vof adhesive material at alternateintersections of the threads as indicated in Fig. l, the crosswisethreads 3 remaining substantially free of adhesive intermediate saidbonded intersections as illustrated.

The lengthwise extending threads alsopiclt up a coating of the adhesivewhich extends circumferentially only from about one-fourth to aboutone-half of the distance around the threads, but more or lesscontinuously lengthwise thereof. rhe lengt nvise continuity of adhesivecoating on the longitudinal threads may be broken for short lengthsimmediately behind the cross threads (with reference to the direction oftravel of the gauze during the adhesive applying operation) and perhapshaphazardly at other points as indicated, due to Various causes, forexample, a probable tendency to stretch or elongate the adhesive ribbonswhich would evidently occur asan incident to the travel of the gauze ata higher speed than the surface speed of the adhesive applicator roll.The adhesive free portions of the crosswise and lengthwise threads serveto retain in the fabric a substantial measure of the normal softness andflexibility of the threads which form the fabric.

The quantity and location of adhesive in the areas 4a and 4b `may beadjusted by adjusting the relative 'speeds ofthe web and adhesiveapplying roll, by adjusting the circumferential extent of the contactbetween the web and the adhesive applying roll, and by adjusting thedepth of the coating of adhesive on the applying roll. In thearrangement shown and described, the ladhesive is more or lessaccumulated or piled up on the front or leading sides of the crossthreads 3 at their points of crossing the lengthwise threads 2; lf theroll is rotated at a surface speed which is greater than that of thegauze travel, such accumulations of adhesive will be produced in backvof said portions of the cross threads.

The fibers to form the knon-woven applique or facing 5 emanate fromcotton sliversor header rolls, or from coiler cotton or any suitable lapor bat of the selected cotton or other fibers. Hence, in the followingdescription and in thel claims, the terms lap and bat, when employed torefer to a source of fibers, refer to any suitable assemblage thereof,whether or not in the forms technically known as sliver, header roll,lap, bat, etc. The'lap or bat of fibers is preferably non-woven, andalthough it may be and .usually is of self-supporting strength, it ispreferably not too tightly matted or felted.

'in Fig. 2, the source of the fiber film 5 is shown as being la lap 5aof cotton, that is to. say, a non-woven the normal Y f theV same ratethat the with the web 1.

fiber which is suitably fed deflbering roll i3. This debat of cotton (orother) toward a divellicating or iibering roll is driven at providedwith a multiplicity of teeth projecting from the normal roll surface,said teeth being operative to pull fibers from the lap 5a as the lap isfed toward the roll. The feed of the lap 5a toward the roll should becarefully regulated to permit the teeth'of the roll to act against onlya single fiber thickness on the end of the lap, thereby to insuredisintegration of the lap fiber by fiber and tc avoid the biting off-ofheavy chunks which would be somewhat objectionable becausesuch chunkswould interfere with the desired smoothness and softness of the finalproduct. Y

The defibering rolll is arranged in to a continuously traveling wirescreen suitable relation belt 14 on which the separated fibers indicatedat 5b are deposited to build up a secondary or refined bat or lap 5c offiber. The thickness of the bat 5c may be controlled as desired byappropriately regulating the speed of travel of the Screen belt, byregulating the rate at which the lap 5a is fed to the roll 13, and alsoby appropriate selection of a starting lap 5a of predeterminedthickness.

A suction box i5 is preferably associated with theV upper reach of thescreen to facilitate and more Vor less control the deposition of thefibers 5b on said screen. Suitable guide walls may be arranged toconfine the stream of 'fibers Sb in the desired path.

The reiined lap or bat 5c of fibers may be rolled upon itself forstorage purposes and for subsequent use. However, said refined bat 5cmay be fed directly into the operating zone of a second defibering roll16 of substantially the same character as the roll 13. The speed atwhich the bat Sc is fed to the roll 16 is, of course, carefullycontrolled to insure operation ofthe roll 16 on substantially singleliber portions of the advancing end of the bat 5c. Formation of the bato'c may be so regulated that this renedbat may be fed forwardly atstarting lap 5a is fed and the roll 16 will operate in a satisfactorymanner to properly disintegrate thereiined bat 5c into single fiberpieces. yBy this arrangement the rolling of the web 5c upon `itself maybe avoided and-the process made substantially continuous from thedisintegration ofthe lap 5a to the deposition of the fibers on andattachment thereof to the carrier web.

This subjection of the fiber material to successive deiiberingoperations results in very effective kuntangling and separation of thefibers so that the deposition of yliber on the Vcarrier web may easilybe confined vto a frlm as light as 1.5 grams per square yard, the fiberbeing Aquite uniformly distributed and deposited, usually in a haphazarddirectional arrarngement,V althoughby means o certain controls thedirectional arrangement vmay be more or less predetermined.

The stream 5d of fibers produced by the roll 16 is suitably guided tothe surface of the web 1 which may come directly from the drier l2 orfrom la supply roll 6b which would be one of the rolls produced asindicated at .6a. if the web is drawn from a supply roll such as theroll 6b, the roll is so mounted and the web is so drawn from it that theadhesive bearing side of the web` will'be `on vthe top face of the webon which the stream 5d of libers is deposited. rfhe deposition of theJfiber 5d on the webv 1 may be aided by means of a suction box 17 Theweb 1 now having a non-Woven appliqueor facing of fiber 5d is nextguided by means of suitable guide rolls 18 around a portion of a firmbut resilient calender roll lil which is supported by a rigid supp rtingrollrZ.

A'V heated steel or similar hard and rigid calendar roll 21 the calenderroll'lii to press the liber and woven web tightly together, the heat oftheroll ,'21 serving to soften thermoplastic adhesive in the areasV 4aand 4b so ,as to permit the fibers 5d to be ernbeddd in coop eratesVwith high speed and its surface .is

associated pressed into each other at their crossings and the threadsare more or less attened approximately as represented at 22 in Fig. 4.This iiattening and embedding of the threads in each other serves toeliminate to a considerable extent the prominences usually present inWoven material at the crossings of the interwoven threads. To a lesserextent the entire lengths of the threads are also slightly attened.Flattening of the crossing thread portions and flattening of the threadsthroughout their lengths, probably serves to increase the flexibility ofthe fabric since the thickness of the material is reduced with acorresponding increase in bendability. The employment of the more orless resilient, cotton-constructed roll 19, avoids cutting of thethreads of the gauze at their crossings when subjected to the indicatedcalenden'ng operation.

The fiber is effectively bonded to the web l in the arrangementdescribed so that there is a negligible amount of loose fiber which willdust off the finished web during handling. This effective bonding of theber results mainly from the direct adhesive bonding of some of thefibers to spaced portions of the carrier web of gauze, for example atthe areas 4a and at various points where the fibers cross the coatings4b on the threads 2, and from the fact that some of the fibers which aredirectly adhe'- the same kind, especially after the calenderingoperation whereby the fibers are forced into intimate contact with eachother and with the carrier web. For the reasons indicated, even theshortest fibers are effectively retained in the applique, it beingunderstood that the fiber lengths may Vary from as little or less thanJAG of an inch to as much as one inch or more.

By causing the threads of the Woven fabric to be adhesively bondedtogether at alternate crossings thereof as shown at 4a, the woven web isitself stabilized in respect of the positions of the threads relative toone another. This helps to maintain the woven threads in the desireduniform grid-like formation which provides an effective support for thenon-woven fiber film; it also adds appreciably to the appearance of theproduct. By spacing the points of adhesive bonding of the threads of thecarrier web and of the applied fiber to the carrier web, the normalexibility of the Woven material is maintained, to a high degree if notin its entirety.

stir'fen threads or the gauze.

The non-woven applique of bers arranged in haphazard directions asindicated in Fig. l serves as a sort of shield for the relatively harshthreads of the woven fabric, said film or facing presenting a soft,smooth surface which has important non-chafing characteristics when thematerial is employed as a wrapper for a sanitary napkin or other typesof bandages. When the non-woven film 5 of ber is made somewhat heavier,the material is adaptable to the making of ornamental fabrics, such asdrapes, the woven thread component serving to impart adequatestrengthrwhile the non-woven lrn provides a finished looking surfacewhich may be imprinted or otherwise decorated. By the employment offairly strong suction in the suction box 17, a considerable amount ofthe fiber may be this may be highly desirable.

Instead of the indicated type of divellicating or deliber-- supply lapapart into its component bers and to deposit such separated fibers onthe carrier web.

For many purposes it is preferable that the adhesive content o thesurface of the threads of the gauze web with but little, if any,penetration of the threads of the gauze. By the employment of apermanently flexible adhesive which will remain on the surface of thethreads, most of the Generally, such penetrating adhesives have atendency to harden or stiten the fabric-this is somewhat dependent onthe characteristics of the particular adhesive employed.

For some purposes, we may avoid the application of Such thermoplasticiibers will provide bonds between at least some of the crossing threadsof the gauze and also spaced bonds between the gauze and the ber layerappliedto the face of the gauze when the gauze and facing thereon aresubjected to the heat of the calender which will reactivate saidthermoplastic fibers to the ame end that said heat reactivatesthermoplastic applied to the gauze as hereinbefore described.

instead of einpioying heat and pressure to reactivate the thermoplasticadhesive, or thermoplastic fibers spun into the threads of the gauze, wemay employ either heat or pressure alone, or solvents of thethermoplastic material.

When the described fabric is made to be used in the wrapper of asanitary napkin, the gauze component may consist of woven gauze having athread count within the range of 18 x 14 down to 4 x 4. The adhesive maybe a suitably plasticized polyvinyl acetate in ernulsionform preferablyembodying some solvent, said adhesive being thermoplastic in character.This adhesive may be applied at the rate of about 2 grams per squareyard of 18 X 8 ganze by the method described, and it may easily be driedto the extent desired within a short length of travel, say from 5 to 35feet, by passing a current of air heated to around 399 F. over the webin the direction opposite to the direction of travel of the web,depending somewhat on the rate of travel of the web. This adhesive hasthe property of remaining on the surface of the gauze threads with butlittle, if any, penetration thereof and, upon drying remains heatsoftenable or thermoplastic. The said adhesive is waterproof andpermanently flexible so that there is no stiffening with age wherebyshelf-life of the sanitary napkins is not affected. This adhesive hasthe advantage of softening and becomingl exceptionally tacky attemperatures around to 185 F. which is sufficiently above bodytemperature to avoid softening incident to the heat of the body; it iscolorless, odorless and non-irritating and its melting temperature isnot high enough to cause scorching or" the gauze when the ofindividualpreferences.

Vadhesive thereon,

gauze. and ber iilmarepass'ed through thecalenderl and Y heated toreactivatet-headhesiveand so as to causeemb'e'dment of 4the 'fiberstherein. The amount of adhesive applied may, of course, be decreased orYincreased from that 'set forth.

k The 'amount of Yadhesive may vary considerably.V Our experienceindicatesthat successful sanitary napkin wrappers maybe made with 18 XISgauze having adhesive material applied thereto ,at a rate within therange of ..3 to grams Vper square yard `:and'with nonwoven Jfiberapplied at a rate within the rangeof l.5 to 8 grams per square yard. The.optimum is, at least in part, a matter Our present preference isadhesive atthe rate Vofabout 2 gramsV per square yard Vand ber Vat therate -of from 4 to 6 grams persquare yard lalthough as little as 1.5grams of ber uniformly-'dis-Y tributed is sucient toeliminate the normalharsh feel. of

Y A the gauze.

y When the Weight of the ber layer is within the range of 155 to 6 gramsper square yard, a large proportion of thebers, Vprobably a majorproportion thereof, directly `engage theV threads of the gauze web andbecome directly attachedthereto. This'resultsin very secure attachmentofthe ber layer as an entirety and prevents displace- Y ment of the berlayer from the thread web by scufring or rubbing action in the normaluse of asanitary napkin embodying a wrapper of the describedconstruction, the ber layer being on the outside of the wrapper so as tobe directly subjected to such rubbing action. Attachment of the fibersto the thread web as aforesaid is due to engagement of the bers withadhesive bearing portions vof thethreads and also to natural tendenciesfor bers to cling to threads, such tendency being increased by thecalendering of the material whereby the ber layer is Y pressed into`intimate engagement with the Ythread fabric.

; to the bers which come into engagement with such areas. The adhesivecontent ofV said areas will be reactivated by the heat (and pressure) ofsaid calendering rolls so'that the Vinitial embedment of the bers insaid adhesive will be deepened and improved by the calender. When thedescribed polyvinyl acetate thermoplastic adhesive is used, it ispossible that the heat imparted to the adhesive, and the heat impartedto the gauze in the drying operation, has some effect in maintaining theadhesive inY such uncured condition that the adhesive sur-V faces areactive during the passage of the gauze through the ber depositing zoneof the divellicatorl, especially if the arrangement is such that thedistance between the Y drying chamber and divellicator is short enoughto prevent open air drying of the adhesive and cooling thereof tosetting temperature'before it reaches said ber-depositing zone. Y Y

@The-rolls 19 and 21 may be 'urged together under a forceranging up toaround 770 pounds per linealinch of the rolls. A force ot' about 120pounds per lineal'inch producesvvery satisfactory results in connectionwith a cotton fiber facing of from 4 toV 6 grams p er square yardandadhesive of the polyvinyl acetate emulsion form described and appliedat the said rate of 2 grams per square yard. Y

A-length of material prepared according'to the foregoingexplanation'can'be produced atrless cost than a 'e corresponding lengthof Woven materialof equivalent utility. By equivalent utilitywe refer tothe usefulness ofthe woven material for a given purpose where itssoftness, smoothness, and similar characteristics are itu-` portantconsiderations. Y Y Y For example, .in current, actual practice, a wellknown brand of sanitary napkins khas a Ywrapper made` of;

18x 14 gauze. Such` gauzeY is quite expensive and'its cost represents aVery substantial part of the total cost oftheV said napkins.. Thiscostly, close-weave gauze, yis employed because less expensiveequivalent material Vhas not been available on a commercially economicalbasis. Available lower cost, open mesh gauze is not satisfactory as asubstitute because of its flimsiness, which Yimpairs f the effectivenessof wrapper tabs for attachment purposes,

and also makes the material very difficult to `handle in automaticnapkin-making machinery; because of its tend- 'Y ency to irregularity ofthread arrangement and hence its relative unsightliness, and otherreasons.

The material herein described, embodyingopenmesh, 1S X8 gauze with alight applique or facing of bers, when used for wrapping asanitary'napkin, has been found to be very satisfactory in respect ofall of the above-mentioned deficiencies of plain open mesh gauzeY and tohave certain advantages of softness, smoothness,

and better appearance over the usual plainjrelatively The faced materialisrnevertheclosely woven material,

closely-woven wrapper. less less costly than the said mainly because thefaced material embodies asubstanj tially reduced amount of the costlythread required for the-production' of gauze. The facing ber maylconsist of relatively inexpensive short length bers, and other addedproduction costs, perrunit of the'faced material is less than the valueof the thread saved and other costs saved in the production of the openmesh gauze employed in the facedV material. Hence, there is animportantnet saving in'zthe cost of production-of the improved, facedVmaterial ascompare'd with more closely woven gauze Vwhichhasrheretofore been required for sanitary napkiny productionV purposes.

It shouldibe understood that considerable variation is possible inrespect ofthe quantities and kinds of adhesive and ber employed inproducing the faced material. Variations of Vthese quantities serve toValter the characteristics of the product. unitiofmaterialV produced tendto impair permeability of the material while increasing the cushioncharacteristicn tity as to provide a high capacity for duid absorption.`Y

For decorative purposes, the ber may be such' as to give a-high sheen tothe materialV and it may be relatively'impermeable so as to facilitatesurface ornamentation by printing, painting or other'treatment. Theseand other characteristics are easily attained .byA'appropriate-berselection, appropriate ber orientation on the gauze, appropriatecarrier' web selection, adjustment of the amount of ber applied,adjustment of the Vamount andV kind of adhesive employed and thecalendering pressure.Y None of 'these changes require any extensivechange in the apparatus. 'Y l Y it will be apparent that the aboveldescribed method of applying adhesive to woven gauze material toVstabilize the positions of 'the threads in such material, may also beemployed for stabilizing thread positions in knitted material which alsoembodies projections or knuckles Y where thread portions cross oneanother. .In the appended claims, the word interlaced isA used toreferto any fabric construction in which threadsare so arranged thatsome 'portions Athereof cross other portions'and form projections orlknuckles` where such thread portions cross the vcost of which,ltogetl'ier with the cost of the adhesive employed Larger quantities ofberper Y one another, the most common processes by which fabrics are soformed being knitting and weaving.

Various other changes in the described product and in the method ofmaking the same may be made while retaining the principles of theinvention.

We claim:

before stabilization thereof as aforesaid, is preserved to a highdegree.

2. Textile fabric comprising interlaced threads, and

adhesive bonding intersecting thread portions to each on surface areasof said intersecting thread portions on the face of the fabric on whichone of the thread portions of each pair of intersecting thread portionscrosses over its intersecting thread portion, the surface areas of saidintersecting thread porcross-over threads on opposite sides sectionsbeing also substantially free of said adhesive, wherebyadhesive-hardening of the fabric is avoided to a substantial degree.

3. Textile fabric comprising interlaced threads, and adhesive bondingintersecting thread portions to each other Where thread adhesive,preserve the normal softness of the said intermediate thread portions,whereby the normal softness of the fabric before stabilization thereofas aforesaid is preserved to a high degree.

intersecting thread portions being flattened so as pressed together andto reduce the thickness of said intersectenable said thin layer ofintersections as amarre woven layer of bers attached to a face of thefabric, said ber layer having a web, and a nonwoven layer of fibersattached to said adhesive bearing face of said web, the Weight anddensity of said layer of fibers being so low that permeability of theWrapping material is not signiicantly impaired and such that there is apaucity of fibers in relation to the area of the web so that a largeproportion of the fibers are in direct engagement with and attachment tosaid web so as to provide effective resistance to displacement of thefiber layer from said web, said fiber layer being operativenotwithstanding its said light weight and density to provide signilicantshielding over the threads of said Web and the intersections thereof toimpart smoothness to said face of said web.

8. A thread web having thread portions which intersect each other inspaced relation to provide a web havfor laminating the web to othermaterial.

9. A thread web having thread portions which interweb, a majority ofsaid thread portions which extend in one general direction havingportions of their lengths intermediate said bonded intersectionssubstantially free of adhesive, and a majority of other thread portionswhich extend in a direction transintermediate said bonded intersectionsbut discontinuously along their lengths, so as to provide adhesive freelengths on said other thread portions, said adhesive free lengthsserving to retain to a substantial degree in the web, the normalsoftness of said thread portions before stabilization of the web asaforesaid, and a layer of bers attached to said web by said adhesive,some of said bers being adhered sect eachother in lspaced relation toprovide a web hav- Y ing the :openness of a piece of woven gauzehaving,Y aV

thread count construction within fthe range of about 18 x V'14, to about4 xV 4, and vadhesive bonding atleast some of said 4intersecting threadportionsjto each other at their intersections to stabilize Athe'positions of said thread portions inthe web, Asaidfadhesive beingapplied tothe web 'at arate'which is equivalentto the application ofadhesive within therange of about .3 to 5 grams per square yard `ofwoven gauzehaving athr'ead count construction of Y18er 8, a majority ofsaid thread portions whichextend `in one general direction havingportions of their lengths Yintermediate said bonded intersectionssubstantially-freeof adhesive, 'and a majority of other thread portionswhich yextend in a direction transverse kto said Y general Idirectionhaving adhesive thereon intermediate said bonded intersections Ybutdiscontinuously along their I lengths, so as Ato provide adhesive freelengths kon said other thread portions, said adhesive free iengthsserving to retain `to a lsubstantial degree in the web, the normalsoftness of said thread'portions before stabilization of the web asaforesaid,V and a layer of bers attached to said web by said adhesive,some of said bers'being adhered 'to spaced thread portions to therebyfurther stabilize the web, said ber layer having a basis Weight withinthe range of; about 11/2 grams to 6 Vgrams per square yard of Y the web.

11;V A `thread web having thread portions which intersect each other inspaced relation to provide a Web having the openness of a piece of wovengauze having a thread count construction within the range of about 18x14 to about 4 x 4, and having substantially uniformly distributed threadintersections adhesively bonded by -adhesive which issubstantially'coniined to one face of the web, some of the threadportions intermediate said thread intersections being substantially freeof adhesive.

12. A thread web having thread portions which intersect each-otherinspaced relation to provide a web having Vthe openness of a piece ofwoven gauze having a thread count construction within the range of about1-8 x 14 to'about 4 x4, andhaving substantially uniformlydistrihutedthread intersectionsadhesively bonded by adhesive which issubstantially conned'to one Sface of the References .Cited in the le ofthis patent UNITED STATES PATENTS V371,913 Archer Oct. 25, 1887 `574,332Johnston Dec. 29, 1896 998,952 Boone July 25, 1911 1,284,922 Y OConnellNov. 12 1918 i 1,391,932 Beckwith et al. ,Sept. 27, 19,21 Y

1,861,003 yFoster May 31, 1932 Y 1,887,745 Wilkinson Nov.15, 19321,946,784 Elliott Feb. 13, 1934Y 2,013,812 VVSupligeau et al Sept. 10,1935 ,t .2,050,156 7 Borghetty 'Aug.' 4,' 1936 2,057,671 Dreyfus Oct.20, 1936y 2,086,592 Williams July 13, 1937 2,196,655 Y Borghetty Apr..9,1940 2,232,647 Zirkrnan Feb; 18, 1941 2,266,761 Jackson et al.v Dec. 23,1941 `2,281,830 Copernan MayY 5, 1942Y 2,294,898 Fourness et al Sept. 8,1942 2,324,787 1 Lundgren Julykzo, 1943 2,332,221 Yl-Iarshberger Oct;19, 1,943Y 2,362,786 Williams Nov. 14, .1944 2,384,771 YRyan Sept. 11,1945 2,395,217 Ford et al. Feb.V 19, 1946 2,425,235 Y Ferrante ,Aug.V 5,1947 2,434,709 Matthews f Jan. 20, 1948, 2,444,115 Reed et al June 29,1948 v 2,478,148 Y' Wilson etal. `Aug.,2, 1949 2,491,454 Nute Dec. 13,1949: 2,564,689 Harwoodet al Aug. 21, 1951 2,567,327 VEwing Sept. 11,1951 2,568,144 Cremer et'al .Sept. 18, 1951 A FOREIGN PATENTS 12,514Great Britain of 1910 588,447 Great Britain 'May22,1947`

1. TEXTILE FABRIC COMPRISING INTERLACED THREADS, AND ADHESIVE BONDINGINTERSECTING THREAD PORTIONS TO EACH OTHER TO STABILIZE THE THREADPOSITIONS IN THE FABRIC, PORTIONS OF SOME OF THE THREADS INTERMEDIATESAID INTERSECTIONS BEING SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF ADHESIVE SO AS TOPRESERVE THE NORMAL SOFTNESS OF SAID INTERMEDIATE THREAD PORTIONSWHEREBY THE NORMAL SOFTNESS OF THE FABRIC BEFORE STABILIZATION THEROF ASAFORESAID, IS PRESERVED TO A HIGH DEGREE.